What is required for testing for TB among residents in facilities?

The skin test, specifically the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, is the standard method used for screening and testing individuals for tuberculosis (TB). This test involves the intradermal injection of a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) and is read within 48-72 hours. A positive result indicates that the individual may have been exposed to the TB bacteria and may need further evaluation, such as a chest X-ray or additional tests.

In the context of facility residents, the skin test is preferred because it is a relatively simple, cost-effective, and well-accepted method for screening large groups of individuals. It allows for the timely identification of those who may require further medical evaluation and potential treatment to prevent the spread of TB within the facility.

Other testing methods, such as blood tests, urine tests, and X-rays, have their specific applications but do not replace the skin test as the primary method for initial TB screening in a facility setting. Blood tests may be used in some contexts, particularly for those who have had a previous positive skin test, but the skin test remains the most common initial screening tool.